JVP

JVP

• The Normal JVP consist of 3 +ve pulse waves (a,c and v) and 2 –ve pulse wave (x and y)

Normal JVP

A -- Atrial systole à Coincide with 4th H.S.

X -- Atrial relaxation

C -- Bulging of TV into RA during V systole à begins at the end of 1st H.S.

V -- filling of RA while TV is closed

Y -- Decline in RA pressure when TV opensà corresponds with 3rd H.S.

• X´ descent: systolic

• Y descent: diastolic

A wave

a) Absent in AF

b) Diminished in:- i)Tachycardia

ii) Increased PR Interval

c) Large a waves:- i) TS

ii) PS

iii) Pulm. HTN

d) Canon a waves à Complete ht block.

Elevated JVP

a) RVF

b) Cardiac tamponade

c) TS

d) SVC obst.

e) Hyperkinetic Circulatory state

f) Increased bld. Vol.